What is the primary function of an accumulator in a heat pump system?

The primary function of an accumulator in a heat pump system is to prevent liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor. In a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, it is essential that only vapor reaches the compressor to ensure proper operation and prevent damage. Liquid refrigerant can cause hydrodynamic issues, such as flooding or slugging, which could lead to catastrophic failure of the compressor.

The accumulator acts as a reservoir for the refrigerant vapor, allowing any liquid refrigerant that may have entered the vapor line to be collected and returned to the evaporator. This ensures that the compressor only processes vapor, maintaining system efficiency and prolonging the life of the equipment.

The other choices do not accurately describe the function of an accumulator in this context. Enhancing vapor pressure is not the main objective of an accumulator, nor does it regulate airflow or increase energy loss, which are functions related to different components within a heat pump system.