What is the role of the compressor in a heat pump system?

The role of the compressor in a heat pump system is to increase the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. This process is crucial for the heat pump's operation. The refrigerant, in its gaseous state, enters the compressor at low pressure and temperature. The compressor compresses this gas, which raises both its pressure and temperature. This high-pressure, high-temperature gas then flows to the condenser, where it releases heat to the environment, either to warm the home in heating mode or to expel heat outdoors in cooling mode.

By increasing the pressure and temperature, the compressor enables the refrigerant to move efficiently through the heat pump system. Only in this high-energy state can the refrigerant effectively transfer heat, making the compressor a vital component for the heat pump's functioning. This understanding of the compressor's role is central to recognizing how heat pumps operate as part of a heating and cooling system.